深度神经网络非常成功，因为高度准确的波函数ANS \“ ATZE用于分子基础状态的变异蒙特卡洛计算。我们提出了一个这样的Ansatz，Ferminet的扩展，以计算定期汉密尔顿人的基础状态，并研究均质电子气。小电子气体系统基态能量的费米特计算与先前的启动器完全构型相互作用量子蒙特卡洛和扩散蒙特卡洛计算非常吻合。我们研究了自旋偏振均质的均质电子气体，并证明了这一点相同神经网络架构能够准确地代表离域的费米液态和局部的晶体状态。没有给出网络，没有\ emph {a emph {a a a emph {a a emph {a e emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {a emph {并自发打破对称性以产生结晶蛋白E基态在低密度下。

Estimating the probability of failure for complex real-world systems using high-fidelity computational models is often prohibitively expensive, especially when the probability is small. Exploiting low-fidelity models can make this process more feasible, but merging information from multiple low-fidelity and high-fidelity models poses several challenges. This paper presents a robust multi-fidelity surrogate modeling strategy in which the multi-fidelity surrogate is assembled using an active learning strategy using an on-the-fly model adequacy assessment set within a subset simulation framework for efficient reliability analysis. The multi-fidelity surrogate is assembled by first applying a Gaussian process correction to each low-fidelity model and assigning a model probability based on the model's local predictive accuracy and cost. Three strategies are proposed to fuse these individual surrogates into an overall surrogate model based on model averaging and deterministic/stochastic model selection. The strategies also dictate which model evaluations are necessary. No assumptions are made about the relationships between low-fidelity models, while the high-fidelity model is assumed to be the most accurate and most computationally expensive model. Through two analytical and two numerical case studies, including a case study evaluating the failure probability of Tristructural isotropic-coated (TRISO) nuclear fuels, the algorithm is shown to be highly accurate while drastically reducing the number of high-fidelity model calls (and hence computational cost).

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its data-centric branch of machine learning (ML) have greatly evolved over the last few decades. However, as AI is used increasingly in real world use cases, the importance of the interpretability of and accessibility to AI systems have become major research areas. The lack of interpretability of ML based systems is a major hindrance to widespread adoption of these powerful algorithms. This is due to many reasons including ethical and regulatory concerns, which have resulted in poorer adoption of ML in some areas. The recent past has seen a surge in research on interpretable ML. Generally, designing a ML system requires good domain understanding combined with expert knowledge. New techniques are emerging to improve ML accessibility through automated model design. This paper provides a review of the work done to improve interpretability and accessibility of machine learning in the context of global problems while also being relevant to developing countries. We review work under multiple levels of interpretability including scientific and mathematical interpretation, statistical interpretation and partial semantic interpretation. This review includes applications in three areas, namely food processing, agriculture and health.

We explore unifying a neural segmenter with two-pass cascaded encoder ASR into a single model. A key challenge is allowing the segmenter (which runs in real-time, synchronously with the decoder) to finalize the 2nd pass (which runs 900 ms behind real-time) without introducing user-perceived latency or deletion errors during inference. We propose a design where the neural segmenter is integrated with the causal 1st pass decoder to emit a end-of-segment (EOS) signal in real-time. The EOS signal is then used to finalize the non-causal 2nd pass. We experiment with different ways to finalize the 2nd pass, and find that a novel dummy frame injection strategy allows for simultaneous high quality 2nd pass results and low finalization latency. On a real-world long-form captioning task (YouTube), we achieve 2.4% relative WER and 140 ms EOS latency gains over a baseline VAD-based segmenter with the same cascaded encoder.

Artificial intelligence methods including deep neural networks (DNN) can provide rapid molecular classification of tumors from routine histology with accuracy that matches or exceeds human pathologists. Discerning how neural networks make their predictions remains a significant challenge, but explainability tools help provide insights into what models have learned when corresponding histologic features are poorly defined. Here, we present a method for improving explainability of DNN models using synthetic histology generated by a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). We show that cGANs generate high-quality synthetic histology images that can be leveraged for explaining DNN models trained to classify molecularly-subtyped tumors, exposing histologic features associated with molecular state. Fine-tuning synthetic histology through class and layer blending illustrates nuanced morphologic differences between tumor subtypes. Finally, we demonstrate the use of synthetic histology for augmenting pathologist-in-training education, showing that these intuitive visualizations can reinforce and improve understanding of histologic manifestations of tumor biology.

尽管No-U-Turn采样器（螺母）是执行贝叶斯推断的广泛采用方法，但它需要许多后梯度，在实践中计算可能很昂贵。最近，人们对基于物理的动力学（或哈密顿）系统和哈密顿神经网络（HNNS）的机器学习引起了重大兴趣。但是，这些类型的体系结构尚未应用于有效地解决贝叶斯推论问题。我们建议使用HNN有效地进行贝叶斯推断，而无需大量的后梯度。我们向HNNS（L-HNN）引入潜在变量输出，以提高表达性和减少的集成误差。我们将L-HNN集成在坚果中，并进一步提出一种在线错误监控方案，以防止L-HNNS可能几乎没有培训数据的区域中采样堕落。考虑到几种复杂的高维后密度，并将其性能与螺母进行比较，我们证明了在线错误监测中的L-HNN。

尽管最近关于了解深神经网络（DNN）的研究，但关于DNN如何产生其预测的问题仍然存在许多问题。特别是，给定对不同输入样本的类似预测，基本机制是否会产生这些预测？在这项工作中，我们提出了Neucept，这是一种局部发现关键神经元的方法，该神经元在模型的预测中起着重要作用，并确定模型的机制在产生这些预测中。我们首先提出一个关键的神经元识别问题，以最大程度地提高相互信息目标的序列，并提供一个理论框架，以有效地解决关键神经元，同时控制精度。Neucept接下来以无监督的方式学习了不同模型的机制。我们的实验结果表明，Neucept鉴定的神经元不仅对模型的预测具有强大的影响，而且还具有有关模型机制的有意义的信息。

最近证明利用稀疏网络连接深神经网络中的连续层，可为大型最新模型提供好处。但是，网络连接性在浅网络的学习曲线中也起着重要作用，例如经典限制的玻尔兹曼机器（RBM）。一个基本问题是有效地找到了改善学习曲线的连接模式。最近的原则方法明确将网络连接作为参数，这些参数必须在模型中进行优化，但通常依靠连续功能来表示连接和明确的惩罚。这项工作提出了一种基于网络梯度的想法来找到RBM的最佳连接模式的方法：计算每个可能连接的梯度，给定特定的连接模式，并使用梯度驱动连续连接强度参数又使用确定连接模式。因此，学习RBM参数和学习网络连接是真正共同执行的，尽管学习率不同，并且没有改变目标函数。该方法应用于MNIST数据集，以显示针对样本生成和输入分类的基准任务找到更好的RBM模型。

当国家行动对具有等效的奖励和过渡动态时，动物能够从有限的经验中迅速推断出来。另一方面，现代的强化学习系统必须通过反复试验进行艰苦的学习，以使国家行动对相当于价值 - 需要从其环境中进行过多的大量样本。已经提出了MDP同态，将观察到的环境的MDP降低到抽象的MDP，这可以实现更有效的样本策略学习。因此，当可以先验地构建合适的MDP同构时，已经实现了样本效率的令人印象深刻的提高 - 通常是通过利用执业者对环境对称性的知识来实现​​的。我们提出了一种在离散作用空间中构建同态的新方法，该方法使用部分环境动力学模型来推断哪种状态作用对导致同一状态 - 将状态行动空间的大小减少了一个等于动作空间的基数。我们称此方法等效效果抽象。在GridWorld环境中，我们从经验上证明了等效效果抽象可以提高基于模型的方法的无模型设置和计划效率的样品效率。此外，我们在Cartpole上表明，我们的方法的表现优于学习同构的现有方法，同时使用33倍的培训数据。

通用数据模型解决了标准化电子健康记录（EHR）数据的许多挑战，但无法将其集成深度表型所需的资源。开放的生物学和生物医学本体论（OBO）铸造本体论提供了可用于生物学知识的语义计算表示，并能够整合多种生物医学数据。但是，将EHR数据映射到OBO Foundry本体论需要大量的手动策展和域专业知识。我们介绍了一个框架，用于将观察性医学成果合作伙伴关系（OMOP）标准词汇介绍给OBO铸造本体。使用此框架，我们制作了92,367条条件，8,615种药物成分和10,673个测量结果的映射。域专家验证了映射准确性，并且在24家医院进行检查时，映射覆盖了99％的条件和药物成分和68％的测量结果。最后，我们证明OMOP2OBO映射可以帮助系统地识别可能受益于基因检测的未诊断罕见病患者。